Toll-Like Receptor-Independent Triggering of Dendritic Cell Maturation by Viruses

Toll-like receptor-independent triggering of dendritic cell maturation by viruses.

The ability of vaccination to empower natural immune defenses against viral infection is well illustrated by the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the partial elimination of polio after global vaccination efforts (74, 98). Unfortunately, these major successes have been infrequent, and diverse viruses continue to threaten our societies. The development of new vaccines, or the improvement of ...

Toll-like Receptor 9–Dependent and –Independent Dendritic Cell Activation by Chromatin–Immunoglobulin G Complexes

Dendritic cell (DC) activation by nucleic acid-containing immunoglobulin (Ig)G complexes has been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms responsible for activation and subsequent disease induction are not completely understood. Here we show that murine DCs are much more effectively activated by immune complexes that contain IgG bound to chromatin ...

Synergy between Vitamin D3 and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Regulates Human Dendritic Cell Response during Maturation

Human dendritic cells (DC) can be differentiated from blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 and matured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Vitamin D3 inhibits the maturation of human DC measured by changes in surface expression of HLA-DR, CD14, CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86. We here examine the function of vitamin D3 during DC maturation. One of the earliest changes to LPS-induced maturatio...

Microbial lipopeptides stimulate dendritic cell maturation via Toll-like receptor 2.

The ability of dendritic cells (DC) to initiate immune responses in naive T cells is dependent upon a maturation process that allows the cells to develop their potent Ag-presenting capacity. Although immature DC can be derived in vitro by treatment of peripheral blood monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4, additional signals such as those provided by TNF-alpha, CD40 ligand, or LPS are required for com...

Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Maturation and Adaptive Immunity by TLR-Independent Induction of Dendritic Cell